This report is based primarily on information collected in two types of surveys:

•  The first involved panels of 10,768 consumers conducted from June to July 2017 and 2,000 consumers conducted in August 2018. The margin of sampling error was ± 0.94% at the 95% confidence level, and  ± 2.19% at the 95% confidence level, respectively.
•  The second was collected from a random-sample panel of 800 information technology security decision-makers, 200 of whom work in financial services. For questions answered by all 800 survey respondents, the maximum margin of sampling error is ±3.46 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. For questions answered by all 200 financial services respondents, the maximum margin of sampling error is ±6.93 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. The maximum margin of sampling error is higher for questions answered by segments of respondents.

Javelin also conducted a series of interviews involving industry executives, vendor executives, and other relevant stakeholders to gain an understanding of the topic.